• Highlights

• GDP grew in all the 27 Federation Units in Brazil in 2023, with biggest increases in Acre (14.7%), Mato Grosso do Sul (13.4%), Mato Grosso (12.9%), Tocantins (7.9%) and Rio de Janeiro (5.7%).
• Thirteen states recorded increases below the national average (3.2%), with the smallest changes recorded in Pará (1.4%), São Paulo (1.4%), Rio Grande do Sul (1.3%) and Rondônia (1.3%).
• GDP grew in the five Brazilian Major Regions in 2023, with a highlight to the Central West (7.6%).
• In terms of GDP share, between 2022 and 2023, there was a drop of 0.3 percentage points in the Southeast and increase in the South (0.2 p.p.) and North (0.1 p.p.) Region. Northeast and Central had no change in participation.
• Between 2002 and 2023, the Central West and North recorded the main relative GDP increases in Brazil, with advances of 2.0 p.p. and 1.1 p.p., respectively.
• The only Major Region to reduce its participation share was the Southeast (-4.4 p.p.), with a decline in economy in São Paulo (-3.4 p.p.) and Rio de Janeiro (-1.7 p.p.). Mato Grosso had the biggest increase in GDP share (1.2 p.p.).
• From 2002 to 2023, the national GDP recorded an average increase of 2.2% a year. Central West and North recorded the highest rates, with changes of 3.4% a year and 3.2% a year, respectively, whereas the Northeast was close to the national average, with 2.4% a year. The Southeast and South recorded the smallest increases, with 2.0% a year in the former and 1.9% a year, in the latter.
• The Federal District remained as the Federation Unit with the highest per capita GDP, and reached R$ 129,790.44. This figure is 2.4 times higher than the national average. São Paulo was in the second position, with R$ 77,566.27, followed by Mato Grosso, with R$ 74,620.05.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew in all the 27 Federation Units in Brazil in 2023 from the previous year. The biggest increases were in Acre (14.7%), Mato Grosso do Sul (13.4%), Mato Grosso (12.9%), Tocantins (7.9%), and Rio de Janeiro (5.7%). The smallest changes were those in Pará (1.4%), São Paulo (1.4%), Rio Grande do Sul (1.3%), and Rondônia (1.3%). The last time GDP grew in all states was in 2021. The country's GDP was 3.2% in 2023.

These data come from the System of Regional Accounts, released today (14) by IBGE in partnership with state statistical agencies, state government secretariats, and the Superintendency of the Manaus Free Trade Zone.

The good performance of agriculture, especially of soybean crops, contributed significantly to the GDP growth in Acre (14.7%), Mato Grosso do Sul (13.4%), Mato Grosso (12.9%) and Tocantins (7.9%). "The increase in Rio de Janeiro (5.7%) was driven by the growth of mining and quarrying industries, especially oil and gas," explains the Regional Accounts Manager, Alessandra Poça.

The Services sector also influenced the results of the states with the highest GDP growth in 2023. Public administration, defense, public health and education, and social security particularly impacted the GDP of Acre, Mato Grosso do Sul, Tocantins, and Rio de Janeiro. Trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles also had an impact on the first three states and Mato Grosso.

As of Industry, in addition to the influence of mining and quarrying on the economy of Rio de Janeiro, in Mato Grosso do Sul the highlight was electricity and gas, water, sewage, waste management and decontamination activities, due to hydroelectric power generation. In Mato Grosso, the performance of manufacturing industries was favored by the production of alcohol and food products.

Thirteen states have increases below the national average

Among the states with the smallest GDP changes in 2023, against the previous year, Pará (1.4%), São Paulo (1.4%), Rio Grande do Sul (1.3%), and Rondônia (1.3%) stand out. In Pará, the positive change was limited by the drops in Agriculture and in Electricity and gas, water, sewage, waste management and decontamination activities, deviating from the national average behavior of these activities. In São Paulo, the result there was a negative contribution from the Manufacturing Industries, due to the segments of pesticides and manufacture of machinery and equipment.

In Rio Grande do Sul, the reduction in Manufacturing Industries stands out, due to oil refining and manufacture of machinery and equipment. In the case of Rondônia, the IBGE manager of Regional Accounts explains that growth was limited by the drought that hit the North of the country. "This reduced the generation of electricity and the activity of Electricity and gas, water, sewage, waste management and decontamination."

Other nine states recorded changes in volume below the national average (3.2%), being two of them in the North: Amazonas (2.1%) and Amapá (2.9%); six of the in the Northeast: Piauí (3.1%), Ceará (3.0%), Paraíba (3.0%), Pernambuco (2.4%), Sergipe (3.1%) and Bahia (2.3%); and on in the South: Santa Catarina (1.9%).

Southeast reduces its share in national GDP

The Southeast Region had a 0.3 percentage point (p.p.) drop in its GDP share between 2022 and 2023, reaching 53.0%, after increasing 1.0 p.p. between 2021 and 2022. The South (0.2 p.p.) and North (0.1 p.p.) Regions recorded increases, and reached 16.8% and 5.8%, respectively, after losing 0.7 p.p. and 0.6 p.p. in 2022. The Northeast (13.8%) and Central-West (10.6%) kept their shares.

In the Southeast, Rio de Janeiro (10.7%) lost 0.7 p.p. of its share. Despite its volume growth above average in the state of Rio de Janeiro, the fall of international oil prices had an impact on the mining and quarrying industries. São Paulo (31.5%) gained 0.4 p.p., with the relative advance driven mainly by Other services and by Financial and insurance activities and related services.

Minas Gerais (8.9%) had a loss of 0.1 percentage points in its share, while Espírito Santo (1.9%) saw an increase of 0.1 percentage points. The nominal reduction in mining and quarrying industries justified the relative loss of Minas Gerais, for, despite the increase in volume, there was a reduction in iron ore prices, and also in oil in Rio de Janeiro. Meanwhile, in Espírito Santo, the nominal increase in trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles stood out.

In the South, the three states had slight increases in share, but only Santa Catarina had an increase from 4.6% to 4.7% between 2022 and 2023, while Paraná (6.1%) and Rio Grande do Sul (5.9%) kept their shares. In Paraná and Santa Catarina, agriculture was among the most influential activities to this relative increase. Manufacturing industries contributed to the relative performances of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, and other services stood out, especially in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul.

In the North, only Amazonas (1.5%) and Amapá (0.3%) saw an increase in their share of GDP, both by 0.1 percentage points. In Amazonas, the performance was mainly due to manufacturing industries, an activity that supported by the Manaus Free Trade Zone, and whose growth in 2023 was linked to the manufacture of beverages and of other transportation equipment. In Amapá, the nominal increase occurred mainly in public administration, defense, public health and education, and social security, which represented 48.3% of the state's economy in 2023.

The Northeast maintained its share, with fluctuations only in Pernambuco (2.5%), which gained 0.1 percentage points, and in Bahia (3.9%), with a drop of 0.1 percentage points, both with results related to the oil production chain: in the former due to refining and in the latter due to extraction. In the Central-West Region, only Goiás (3.1%) had fluctuation of results, with a decrease of 0.1 p.p., due to Trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles and Agriculture.

Among the Federation Units, only two changes were observed in the relative participation ranking between 2022 and 2023: Amapá rose from the 26th position in 2022 to the 25th in 2023, taking the place occupied by Acre in the previous year. The two states have already exchanged positions several times throughout the series, and the fluctuation observed in 2023 is relative to Amapá's increased participation and the impact of the fall in soybean prices on the agricultural sector of Acre, despite the good performance in terms of volume of activity.

In 21 anos, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro reduce their share in the national economy

Between 2002 and 2023, the Central-West and North Regions recorded the highest relative gains in their share of the country's GDP, with increases of 2.0 percentage points and 1.1 percentage points, respectively. The only Major Region to lose share in the series was the Southeast (-4.4 percentage points), with drops n in the share of the economies of São Paulo (-3.4 percentage points) and Rio de Janeiro (-1.7 percentage points) in the national GDP. Mato Grosso had the biggest increase in share (1.2 percentage points), followed by Santa Catarina (1.0 percentage point) and Mato Grosso do Sul (0.6 percentage points).

From 2002 to 2023, the national GDP had an average annual increase of 2.2%. The Central-West and North Regions had the highest average growth rates, with changes of 3.4% per year. and 3.2% per year, respectively, while the Northeast was close to the national average, with 2.4% per year. The Southeast and South regions registered the smallest increases, with 2.0% per year in the former and 1.9% per year in the latter.

Among the states, Mato Grosso and Tocantins stood out, with average changes of 5.2% per year. and 4.9% per year., respectively. Next were Roraima (4.5% per year), Acre (3.9% per year), and Mato Grosso do Sul (3.7% per year). Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul remained as the two states with the smallest average increases in volume in the series, with 1.6% per year and 1.4% per year respectively.

Federal District still has the highest per capita GDP in Brazil

The country's per capita GDP in 2023 was R$ 53,886.67, and the Federal District kept its position as the Federation Unit with the highest per capita GDP in Brazil, reaching R$ 129,790.44. This figure is 2.4 times higher than the national average. São Paulo was in second place, with R$ 77,566.27, followed by Mato Grosso, with R$ 74,620.05.

Regarding the regional distribution of GDP per capita, the only nine Federation Units with a above the national per capita figure were concentrated in the Southeast, South, and Central West Regions. In the North, Rondônia was the best-positioned state, occupying the 10th position with a per capita GDP equivalent to 0.9 of the national value. In the Northeast region, Rio Grande do Norte held the highest position, 19th, with a value representing 0.6% of Brazil's per capita GDP.

The Federal District held the first place throughout the entire series, although the difference between the per capita GDP of this Federation Unit and that of Brazil decreased between 2002 and 2023. Mato Grosso and Tocantins stand out in the series, each advancing eight positions. The former went from 11th to 3rd place, while the latter went from 21st to 13th. The lowest per capita GDP figures were those of states in the Northeast throughout the entire series, with Maranhão appearing in 27th position in 2023.

More about the survey

The System of Regional Accounts provides data on the composition and evolution of the GDP of each Federation Unit, calculated from statistics on the annual value of production, intermediate consumption, and gross value added of each economic activity. It also allows for the estimation of the annual gross value added, by activity, expressed in current and constant values, and the GDP, valued at market prices, of each Federation Unit.

The IBGE is involved in the revision of the series for the entire Accounts System, which will adopt 2021 as the new base year. During this process, the System of Regional Accounts will continue to publish its estimates, still using 2010 as the base year. When the new series with 2021 as the base year is released, the results of the System of Regional Accounts will be definitively presented and integrated into the new series of the System of National Accounts.