• Highlights

• Forestry production value reaches a record R$44.3 billion in 2024, an increase of 16.7%, according to the IBGE.
• Silviculture accounts for 84.1% of the sector, at R$37.2 billion, while wild-crop harvesting accounts for R$7.0 billion.
• Logwood for pulp and paper drives growth: +28% in value, reaching R$14.9 billion.
• Minas Gerais leads national silviculture with R$8.5 billion, followed by Paraná (R$6.3 billion).
• Mato Grosso do Sul expands its planted forest area by 6.8%, maintaining its 2nd position in the national ranking.
• Pulp exports reach US$10.6 billion in 2024, a 33.2% increase compared to 2023.
• General Carneiro (PR) leads in silviculture production value: R$637.2 million. Acai berries keep leadership among non-timber products, with R$1 billion in value, driven by Pará.

The value of forestry production reached a record of R$44.3 billion in 2024, a 16.7% increase and production in 4,921 municipalities. The value of forestry production continues to surpass that of wild-crop harvesting, a trend that has been the case since 1998. Forestry maintained its growth trend of recent years, reaching R$37.2 billion, a 17.4% increase compared to 2023.

Wild-crop harvesting increased 13.0% compared to the previous year, when it had changed 0.3%. Thus, the production value reached in 2024 exceeded R$7.0 billion. This data is from the 2024 Forestry Production Survey (PEVS), released today (25) by the IBGE.

"After 2020, we've seen very strong growth in silviculture. When we compare 2019 production with 2024 production, we see a 140% increase, driven by technological advances and the value of pulp. Pulp prices have been high, and this encourages producers to invest in both technology and in expanding planted area," highlights Carlos Alfredo Guedes, IBGE's Agriculture Manager.

The researcher explains that, among silviculture timber products, there was growth in production value across all groups, with wood for pulp and paper production rising most sharply, with a 28.0% increase. The value of logwood production for other purposes grew 18.0%; charcoal increased 6.3%; and firewood grew 7.0%.

In 2024, there was a 2.2% increase in planted forest areas in the country, or 217,800 hectares. The total area under silviculture is 9.9 million hectares, of which 7.7 million are eucalyptus, predominantly used in the pulp and paper industry. Together, eucalyptus and pine accounted for 96.2% of the country's commercial areas of silviculture.

Among the Major Regions, the Central-West (8.0%), Southeast (1.5%), and South (1.4%) showed growth in planted forest areas in 2024. There was a reduction of 2.7% and 0.8% in the North and Northeast regions, respectively.

In most states, silviculture predominates, except in Pará, where the predominant type of exploitation is wild-crop harvesting, primarily logging. In Mato Grosso do Sul, the survey observed an expansion of silviculture in 2024, repeating what had already occurred in 2023.

"In 2024, with the advances in eucalyptus planting, Mato Grosso do Sul rose from 7th to 5th in silviculture production value. Several factories have been established in the state due to the favorable climate for eucalyptus and the availability of land. Production growth has been driven by Mato Grosso do Sul, particularly the municipality of Três Lagoas, which rose from 6th to 2nd in the ranking among municipalities," explains the IBGE Agriculture Manager.

According to data from the Secretariat of Foreign Trade (SECEX) of the Ministry of Development, Industry, Commerce, and Services, pulp ranked eighth in the country's total exports in 2024, a 3.1% increase, with 19.7 million tonnes exported, generating US$10.6 billion, a 33.2% increase compared to 2023.

The logwood sector for pulp and paper continues its upward trend, reaching a value of R$14.9 billion, a 28.0% increase in production value, following the 19.1% growth recorded in the previous year.

"Brazil is currently the largest producer and exporter of pulp. In 2024, logwood production for pulp and paper was a record, reaching 122.1 million cubic meters. The second-highest was in 2023, with 113 million cubic meters. It's been one record after another, from 2019 onward," Mr. Guedes emphasizes.

The share of wood products remains predominant in the silviculture sector, representing 98.3% of the value of forestry production. All timber products originating from commercially planted areas saw a 17.4% increase in production value, while those resulting from wild-crop harvesting saw a 15.4% increase. These results confirm the growth trend in wood products from forestry, and growth is recorded in wild-crop products, changing the stable trend that had been observed since 2021.

Among wood products from silviculture, production value increased across all groups, most notably in wood for pulp and paper production, which increased by 28.0%. The production value of logwood for other purposes grew by 17.9%; charcoal increased by 6.3%; and firewood reached 7.0%.

Wild-crop harvesting recorded an increase in value generated in 2019 (6.8%), 2020 (5.8%), and 2021 (31.6%), but in 2022 it decreased by 0.3%, while in 2023 it grew by 0.3% and in 2024 it increased by 13.0%, exceeding R$7.0 billion. While wood products account for almost the entire value of silviculture production (98.3%), in wild crop, this group represents 65.6%, followed by food products (28.6%), waxes (3.4%), oilseeds (1.7%), and others (0.8%).

In silviculture, Minas Gerais has the highest production value: R$8.5 billion

Minas Gerais continues to have the highest value of silviculture production, with R$8.5 billion, representing 22.8% of the sector's total. This state is also the largest producer of charcoal, widely used in the steel industry, accounting for 83.3% of the national volume. There was a 6.8% decrease in quantity and a 0.5% decrease in production value at current prices. Paraná comes next, recording R$6.3 billion in silviculture production value, an increase of 24.1%. The state is the largest producer of logwood for other purposes, accounting for 32.1% of national production. Production decreased by 5.7%, reaching 21.1 million cubic meters, and the production value increased by 4.9%, reaching R$3.0 billion in nominal terms.

The state of Minas Gerais continues to have the largest area covered by planted forest species in the country, with 2.2 million hectares, representing a 3.6% increase compared to the previous year. Almost all of this is covered by eucalyptus (97.2%). Mato Grosso do Sul increased its area under silviculture by 6.8%, having the second largest area of ​​planted forests, with 1.5 million hectares, of which 99.6% are eucalyptus plantations. São Paulo and Paraná registered an area of ​​1.2 million hectares each, with a reduction of 0.7% and an increase of 1.6%, respectively.

Among the 10 municipalities with the largest planted forest areas in Brazil, six are in Mato Grosso do Sul; three in Minas Gerais; and one in Bahia.

Four municipalities in Mato Grosso do Sul hold the top positions in terms of planted forest area in the country, notably Ribas do Rio Pardo and Três Lagoas, with 381,600 hectares (+17.4%) and 301,900 hectares (+4.9%), respectively.

Buritizeiro is the city with the largest planted forest area in Minas Gerais. In Bahia, Caravelas stands out. These last two municipalities are part of the areas of influence of industrial parks focused on pulp and paper manufacturing.

"And, once again, in the municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul, we can see the expansion of areas of silviculture. Ribas do Rio Pardo, with 381,600 hectares, has the largest planted area in Brazil, growing 17.4% compared to 2023 and increasing its national share from 3.4% to 3.9%," Mr. Guedes points out.

Paraná leads national production of silviculture firewood

With an estimated 14.0 million cubic meters, corresponding to 25.8% of the national total, Paraná also stood out in the production of firewood from planted forests. Rio Grande do Sul was the second largest producer of firewood, reaching 10.9 million cubic meters, 20.1% of the national total. The Southern Region accounts for 60.6% of national firewood production.

General Carneiro is the municipality with the highest silviculture production value

The municipality of General Carneiro (Paraná), with a 10.3% increase, maintained its leadership in the silviculture production value ranking, reaching a total of R$637.2 million in 2024. The municipality, a major producer of logwood for other purposes, increased its production volume by 6.3%, generating an 11.7% increase in production value, reaching R$420.6 million. Logwood for pulp and paper saw a 1.7% decrease. Charcoal and firewood saw a 15.0% increase in production.

Três Lagoas (MS) rose from sixth to second in the ranking of silviculture production value, generating R$579.2 million. It stands out for its production of logwood for pulp and paper, generating R$567.00 million, a 159.6% increase, accounting for 98.1% of the municipality's silviculture production value.

João Pinheiro (MG), the third-largest municipality in terms of silviculture production value, generated R$456.1 million, standing out for its charcoal production, with 330,000 tonnes in 2024, a 24.4% decrease in quantity compared to the previous year. Production value also decreased by 18.1%, generating R$429.6 million in nominal terms.

Wild-crop harvesting grows 13.0%, generating R$7.0 billion in production value in 2024

In 2024, the value of production obtained through wild crop increased by 13.0%, totaling R$7.0 billion, unlike the previous year (2023), when it remained relatively stable compared to 2022. Among the product groups comprising wild-crop harvesting exploitation in the survey, a reduction in production value was recorded only in the aromatic (45.6%) and tanning (8.7%) groups.

The wood product group, which accounted for the largest share of wild-crop harvesting production value (65.6%), registered a 15.4% increase compared to the previous year, after a small increase of 0.5% in 2023. Until 2020, harvested  wood exploitation had been losing ground in the country, gradually being replaced by wood from cultivated forests. However, in 2021, there was a significant increase driven by logwood production. In the current survey, growth is driven by charcoal production, which grew 43.0%.

Mato Grosso and Pará accounted for 59.6% of the total volume of logwood harvested, representing 77.0% of the national production value of this product. Pará, which surpassed Mato Grosso again in 2022, remains the largest producer of logwood in 2024, with 4.5 million cubic meters, despite a 10.4% reduction in the harvesting of this product.

Acai berries and yerba mate keep the highest production value among non-wood products

In 2024, the combined production value of non-timber products increased by 8.7%, totaling R$2.4 billion. The food product group, the largest among non-timber products from plant extraction, saw an increase in production value (8.1%), totaling R$2.0 billion.

Amazonian acai berries are harvested from a native palm tree, with 92.9% of its harvesting concentrated in the North Region. In 2024, production reached 247,500 tonnes, 3.6% more than the previous year. In nominal terms, it showed a 19.9% ​​increase, totaling R$1.0 billion. Pará recorded the largest acai production, with 168,500 tonnes, representing 68.1% of the national total. With a 0.5% increase in quantity and a 23.2% increase in value, Pará reached R$801.9 million.

In the ranking of the 10 municipalities that recorded the highest volumes in 2024, eight are in Pará, with the municipality of Limoeiro do Ajuru remaining the largest national producer of hrvested acai berries, accounting for 20.2% of the national total, despite a 2.0% reduction compared to 2023.

Yerba mate harvesting, concentrated in the South Region, generated the second-highest production value among non-wood products, with R$522.8 million, a reduction of 11.3% compared to 2023. Production totaled 377,400 tonnes, an 11.4% decrease compared to the previous year. Paraná, which accounts for 85.8% of national production, has the nine municipalities that produced the highest yerba mate in 2024. São Mateus do Sul stands out as the municipality with the highest volume harvested, accounting for 17.2% of the national total, and with the same production as the previous year.

About the survey

PEVS 2024 provides information on the area, quantity produced, and value of production from the exploitation of planted forests (silviculture) and natural plant resources (wild-crop harvesting).

Wild-crop harvesting encompasses 37 items, with emphasis on wood, food, wax, and oilseed products. In silviculture, seven products are investigated, including charcoal, firewood, logwood, and resin.