The May 2026 estimate for the production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds was 350.4 million tonnes, 1.2% higher (or 4.3 million tonnes more) than that obtained in 2025 (346.1 million tonnes), with an increase of 0.5% (or 1.7 million tonnes more) compared to the April 2026 estimate.

The area to be harvested was 83.2 million hectares, an increase of 2.0% (or 1.6 million hectares) compared to 2025. Compared to the April estimate, the area to be harvested was -0.1% (a drop of 110,463 hectares).

Rice, corn and soybeans are the three main products in this group, which, together, represented 92.8% of the production estimate and accounted for 87.6% of the area to be harvested. For soybeans, the production estimate was 174.6 million tonnes.

As for corn, the estimate was 139.4 million tonnes (29.8 million tonnes of corn in the 1st crop and 109.6 million tons of corn in the 2nd crop).

Paddy rice production was estimated at 11.2 million tonnes. For wheat, the production estimate was 7.2 million tonnes. The production of upland cottonseed was estimated at 9.1 million tonnes; and sorghum, at 5.6 million tonnes.

With regard to production, compared to 2025, there were increases of 5.1% for soybeans and of 3.9% for sorghum. And there were decreases of 8.1% for upland cottonseed; 11.4% for paddy rice; 1.7% for corn (growth of 15.8% for corn 1st crop and decline of 5.5% for corn 2nd crop); 5.8% for beans and 7.8% for wheat.

Regarding the area to be harvested, in relation to the previous year, there was an increase of 1.1% in soybeans; 3.3% for corn (increases of 10.7% for corn - 1st crop corn and 1.5% for corn - 2nd crop) and 9.3% for sorghum. There were reductions of 5.0% in the area to be harvested of upland cottonseed; 11.6% for paddy rice; and 4.4% for beans.

Central-West leads production in May 2026, with 175.9 million tonnes

Among the Major Regions, the volume of production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds showed the following distribution: Central-West, 175.9 million tonnes (50.2%); South, 92.4 million tonnes (26.4%); Southeast, 30.8 million tonnes (8.8%), Northeast, 29.8 million tonnes (8.5%) and North, 21.5 million tonnes (6.1%). The estimated production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds showed a positive annual change for the South Region (7.1%) and the Northeast (7.5%), and negative for the Central-West (-1.5%), the Southeast (-0.9%) and the North (-3.8%). As for the monthly change, the South Region (0.3%), Southeast (0.6%) and Central-West (0.8%) showed growth in production. Northeast (-0.3%) and North (-0.2%) declined.

Compared to April, there were increases in production estimates for sorghum (2.9% or 156,539 t), barley (1.8% or 11,700 t), coffea arabica (1.1% or 28,265 t), corn - 2nd crop (1.0% or 1,046,643 t), upland cotton (0.8% or 75 480 t), coffea canephora (0.7% or 9,915 t), oat (0.7% or 9,296 t), corn - 1st crop (0.5% or 152,323 t) and soybeans (0.3% or 481,293 t), as well as declines in sesame (-3.9% or -13,957 t), grapes (-1.7% or -36,692 t), beans - 1st crop (-1.4% or -13,928 t), beans - 2nd crop (-1.3% or -14,899 t), wheat (-1.2% or -84,926 t) and beans - 3rd crop (-0.7% or -5,471 t).

In the distribution of production across Federation Units, Mato Grosso led as the largest national grain producer, with a share of 31.0%, followed by Paraná (13.6%), Rio Grande do Sul (10.7%), Goiás (10.6%), Mato Grosso do Sul (8.3%) and Minas Gerais (5.5%), which, together, represented 79.7% of the total.

The main positive absolute variations in production estimates, in relation to the previous month, occurred in Mato Grosso (819,121 t), Mato Grosso do Sul (525,293 t), Paraná (261,100 t), Minas Gerais (197,527 t), Tocantins (28,476 t), Alagoas (10,097 t), Rio Grande do Norte (4,292 t). t) and Maranhão (379 t). The negative changes occurred in Pernambuco (-79,227 t), Rondônia (-73,981 t), Piauí (-22,504 t) and Ceará (-1,982 t).

UPLAND COTTONSEED – The estimate for the production of upland cottonseed was 9.1 million tonnes, an increase of 0.8% compared to the previous month. In relation to 2025, the drop in production estimates reached 8.1%, with declines of 5.0% in the planted area and of 3.3% in the productivity. Mato Grosso, the largest national producer, with nearly 68.7% of the total, estimated a production of 6.2 million tonnes, a retraction of 13.1% compared to 2025, with reductions of 8.4% in the cultivated area and of 5.1% in the average yield.

COFFEE (beans) - The Brazilian production, considering the two species, arabica and canephora, was estimated at 4.0 million tonnes, or 66.8 million 60-kg sacks, increases of 1.0% in relation to the previous month and of 16.0% in relation to the volume produced in 2025, being a record in the time series of the survey, considered from 2002, when there was a change in the measurement unit and coffee beans began to be published. For coffea arabica, the estimated production was 2.7 million tonnes or 44.4 million 60-kg sacks, an increase of 1.1% compared to the previous month. The weather has benefited crops in the Center-South and, for the 2026 harvest, a positive biennial bearing was expected. For coffea canephora, the production estimate was 1.3 million tonnes or 22.4 million 60-kg sacks, an increase of 0.7% in relation to the previous month and of 6.8% in relation to the volume produced in 2025. In 2026, the estimated production for coffea canephora should be a record in the IBGE time series.

WINTER CEREALS (grain) – For wheat (grain), the estimated production reached 7.2 million tonnes, a decline of 1.2% compared to the previous month and of 7.8% compared to 2025. The decline in the wheat cultivated area in the 2026 harvest was due to cereal prices, which are showing low profitability, as well as the discouragement of producers, who have been experiencing losses in production and cereal quality in recent harvests, due to climate problems in the South Region. Production of oat (in grain) was estimated at 1.3 million tonnes, an increase of 0.7% compared to the previous month and a decline of 3.0% compared to the volume produced in 2025. The largest producers of the cereal are Rio Grande do Sul, with 922.3 thousand tonnes, a decline of 1.4% in relation to the volume harvested in 2025; and Paraná, with 256.5 thousand tonnes, an increase of 2.7% compared to April and a decline of 0.3% compared to the volume harvested in 2025. For barley (in grain), the estimated production was 678.7 thousand tonnes, an increase of 1.8% compared to the previous month and of 7.2% compared to the volume produced in 2025. The largest Brazilian barley producers were Paraná, with 552.6 thousand tonnes, a growth of 2.2% compared to April and of 12.1% compared to the volume produced in 2025, expected to participate with 81.4% in the Brazilian harvest in 2026; and Rio Grande do Sul, with a production of 100.4 thousand tonnes, a decline of 13.4% in relation to the volume produced in 2025.

BEANS (in grain) –The May estimate for bean production, considering the three harvests, should reach 2.8 million tonnes, a reduction of 1.2% compared to the previous month and of 5.8% compared to the 2025 harvest. This production volume should meet Brazilian domestic consumption in 2026, possibly without the need to import the product. Minas Gerais surpassed Paraná and appeared as the largest national producer, forecasting 531.6 thousand tonnes or a 18.7% share. Next, Paraná with 526.1 thousand tonnes or a 18.5% share; Mato Grosso with 388.6 thousand tonnes or a 13.7% share; and Goiás, with 342.3 thousand tonnes or a 12.1% share. The estimated production of the 1st crop of bean was 975.1 thousand tonnes, representing 34.3% of the national share among the three harvests, being 1.4% lower than the previous month. The 2nd crop of bean was estimated at 1.1 million tonnes, corresponding to a 39.3% share among the three harvests. In comparison with the month of April, there was a 1.3% reduction in the production estimate. The South Region, which should account for 34.4% of the total harvest, reduced its production estimate by 10.6% in relation to the month of April, with Paraná being the largest producer, with 332.1 thousand tonnes or 29.7% of the total harvest. For the 3rd crop, the production estimate was 748.1 thousand tonnes, a reduction of 0.7% compared to April. In the annual comparison, there was a 3.2% reduction in the production estimate due to the reduction in area (-1.6%) and average yield (-1.7%). The largest producers of this harvest were Goiás, with 245.8 thousand tonnes; Minas Gerais, with 177.9 thousand tonnes; Mato Grosso, with 169.6 thousand tonnes; and São Paulo, with 121.5 thousand tonnes.

SESAME (in grain) – The Brazilian sesame production, in 2026, was expected to reach 345.1 thousand tonnes, a decrease of 3.9% compared to the previous month. The area to be harvested showed a growth of 0.2%, while the average yield, of 620 kg/ha, was expected to decrease by 4.0%. The area to be planted in the current harvest should reach 556.6 thousand hectares, reflecting the growing importance of the crop in recent years for Brazil. From the 2026 harvest onwards, the IBGE began monitoring the production of this species, as its importance has been growing in the context of the Brazilian agriculture. The main Brazilian producer was Mato Grosso, with 210.6 thousand tonnes, accounting for 61.0% of the national production. In May, the production estimate showed a decline of 6.5% in relation to the previous month, with decreases of 0.1% in the area to be harvested and of 6.5% in the average yield.

CORN (in grain) - The estimated corn production was 139.4 million tonnes, representing a growth of 0.9% compared to the previous month, with a 1.0% increase in the average yield, which reached 6,056 kg/ha. In relation to 2025, the 1.7% drop in the estimate resulted from the 4.8% decline in the average yield, as there was a growth of 2.6% in the planted area and of 3.3% in the area to be harvested.

Corn - 1st crop showed an estimated production of 29.8 million tonnes, a growth of 0.5% compared to the previous month, resulting from the 1.6% increase in the average yield, as there was a 1.1% decline in the area to be harvested. Compared to the previous year, the production was 15.8% higher, as a result of a growth of 10.7% in the harvested area and of 4.6% in the average yield. The state with the highest production of corn - 1st crop was Rio Grande do Sul, with a national share of 21.6% and an estimated production of 6.4 million tonnes. 

The estimated production of corn - 2nd crop was 109.6 million tonnes, a growth of 1.0% compared to April, with increases of 0.2% in the area and 0.8% in the average yield. Compared to the previous year, the production estimate showed a reduction of 5.5%, as a result of the 6.9% decline in the average yield, as the area showed a growth of 1.5%.

 Mato Grosso was the largest corn producer in the 2nd crop, accounting for 48.1% of the national total and obtaining an estimated production of 52.7 million tonnes, 3.5% lower than the previous year. The second largest producer of corn - 2nd crop, Paraná, obtained a production estimate of 17.5 million tonnes, accounting for 16.0% of the national total and 0.9% higher than the previous month. Goiás, the third largest national producer of corn - 2nd crop, with a share of 12.2%, obtained a production estimate of 13.3 million tonnes, with a decline of 8.2% in relation to the volume produced in 2025, resulting from reductions of 2.9% in the area and of 5.5% in the average yield.

SOYBEAN (in grain) – The estimate of the national production of soybeans reached a new record in the time series, adding up to 174.6 million tonnes, an increase of 0.3% compared to April and of 5.1% compared to the volume obtained in 2025. It is estimated that the Brazilian production will have an increase of 4.0% in the annual average yield, reaching 3,617 kg/ha, contributing to the harvested volume of this oilseed representing more than half of the total cereals, legumes and oilseeds produced in Brazil in 2025. In turn, the total cultivated area should reach 48.3 million hectares, a growth of 1.1% compared to the previous year. Mato Grosso, the largest national producer of this oilseed, estimated a production of 50.7 million tonnes, a growth of 0.3% compared to the previous month and of 1.0% compared to the volume harvested in the previous year.

SORGHUM (in grain) – The estimated sorghum production reached 5.6 million tonnes, an increase of 2.9% compared to April. In relation to the previous year, the production should increase 3.9%, driven by the 9.1% expansion in the planted area, offsetting the 5.0% drop in the average yield. The largest sorghum producers were: Goiás, with 1.9 million tonnes and a 33.4% share of the national total; and Minas Gerais, with 1.4 million tonnes and a share of 25.0%. 

GRAPES - The Brazilian production should reach 2.1 million tonnes, down 3.0% compared to 2025, and down 1.7% compared to the April survey. The harvested area was adjusted to 83.6 thousand hectares, a decline of 2.9% compared to 2025, while the national average yield remained at a high level, at 25.6 thousand kg/ha, 0.2% lower than that obtained in 2025.