The January 2026 estimate for the production of cerals, legumes and oilseeds is 342.7 million tonnes, 1.0% (or 3.4 million tonnes) below that of 2025 (346.1 million tonnes), with an increase of 0.8% (or 2.8 million tonnes) to the estimate of December 2025.

The area to be harvested reached 82.7 million hectares, with an increase of 1.4% (or 1.1 million hectares) from 2025. Against the December figure, the area to be harvested was 0.0% (a drop of 27 452 hectares).

Rice, corn and soybean are the three mais crops in this group, and, together, represented 92.9% of the output estimate and account for   87.5% of the area to be harvested. For soybeans, the output estimate was of 172.5 million tonnes.

As for corn, the estimated amount was 133.8 million tonnes (28.6 million tonnes in the 1st crop and 105.2 million in the 2nd). 

The production of paddy rice was estimated at 11.7 million tonnes. For wheat, 7.7 million tonnes. The estimated production of upland cottonseed was 8.8 million tonnes; that of sorghum, 4.6 million tonnes.

From 2025, there were increases in production of 3.9% for soybean and 0.9 for beans. And production decreases of 11.0% for upland cottonseed; 7.9% for paddy rice; 5.6% for corn (an increase of 11.3% in the 1st crop and of 9.3% in the 2nd); of 13.9% for sorghum and of 1.0% for wheat.

As for the area to be harvested, from the previous year, there were increases of 0.5% for soybean; of 2.2% for corn (increases of 9.3% for corn 1st crop and of 0.5% for corn - 2nd crop) and of 0.9% for wheat. Decreases were estimated in the case of upland cottonseed, 6.2%;  5.9% paddy rice; 1.4%, beans and 2.9%, sorghum.

Central West leads production in January 2026, with 167.5 million tonnes

Among the Major Regions, the volume of production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds was distributed as follows: Central West, 167.5 million tonnes (48.9%); South, 95.3 million tonnes (27.8%); Southeast, 30.2 million tonnes (8.8%), Northeast, 28.2 million tonnes (8.2%) and North, 21.5 million tonnes (6.3%). The output estimate for cereals, legumes and oilseeds recorded a positive annual change in the South Region (10.4%) and Northeast Region (1.8%), and a negative change in the Central West (-6.2%), Southeast (-2.9%) and North (-3.7%). As for the monthly change, production increased in the South Region (0.2%), Norte (0.5%) and Central West (1.6%). The Southeast remained stable (-0.0%) and the Northeast recorded a decrease (-0.4%).

From Decemberthere was estimated increase in production for tomato (1.7% or 78 845 t), soybean (1.3% or 2 270 174 t), 2nc crop corn (0.6% or 622 268 t), 2nd crop beans (0.4% or 5 663 t), d3rd crop beans (0.3% or 2 142 t), as well as drops for sesame seed (-4.0% or -15 332 t), cashew nuts (-3.5% or -5 163 t), cacao nut (-3.0% or -9 640 t), sorghum (-1.1% or -51 673 t), 1st crop beans (-0.9% or -9 236 t), upland cotton seed (-0.6% or -50 015 t) and 1st corn crop (-0.1% or -42 961 t).

Regarding the producion distribution by Federation Units, Mato Grosso leads as the main nayional grain producer, with 30.3%, followed by Paraná (13.9%), Rio Grande do Sul (11.8%), Goiás (10.6%), Mato Grosso do Sul (7.6%) and Minas Gerais (5.4%), which, together, represented 79.6% of the total.

The main absolute positive changes in output, from the previous month, were observed in Mato Grosso (2 046 117 t), Goiás (557 473 t), Paraná (213 800 t), Roraima (85 230 t), Tocantins (21 284 t), Maranhão (18 438 t) and Rondônia (2 363 t). Piauí (-76 711 t), Ceará (-49 796 t) and Rio de Janeiro (-508 t) recorded negative changes.   

UPLAND COTON SEED – The estimated cottonseed production was 8.8 million tonnes, a drop of 0.6% from the 3rd forecast, due to a 0.5% decrease in planted area. Against 2025, the decrease in production estimates reached 11.0%, with declines of 6.2% in planted area and 5.1% in yield. Mato Grosso, the main national producer, accounting for approximately 71.8% of the national total, had an estimated production of 6.3 million tonnes, a 1.9% reduction from the 3rd forecast. Compared to 2025, the reduction in area reaches 5.5%.

CACAO BEAN – The estimated production of cacao in Brazil was 310,700 tonnes, a 3.0% reduction compared to the previous month due to lower crop productivity, with a reassessment in Espírito Santo (-41.2% or -9,497 tonnes). Compared to the previous year, an increase of 5.4% is expected. Pará is the country's main cacao producer, with a production of 162,100 tonnes of beans, a 5.5% increase compared to the volume harvested in 2025. The state is expected to account for 52.1% of the total cacao to be produced by the country in 2026.

CASHEW NUTS – The estimated national cashew nut production in January was 141,800 tonnes, an increase of 13.5% from the 2025 harvest. The harvested area was estimated at around 455,000 hectares. From the previous month, a 3.5% decrease in production was estimated, driven by a lower average yield, which should fall from 323 kg/ha to 312 kg/ha, a loss of 3.4%. In the annual comparison, production increase should be observed in all regions, except for the North, where a 0.8% decrease is expected, influenced by the reduction in Pará. The Northeast Region, which is responsible for the main cashew nut production, is expected to record a 13.6% increase in estimate, considering the gain in average yield of approximately 16.0%.

BEANS (seed) – The January estimate for bean production, considering the three crops, is expected to reach 3.0 million tonnes, a 0.9% increase from the 2025 harvest. This production volume should meet Brazilian domestic consumption in 2026, eliminating the need for imports. Paraná is the main national producer of beans, with expected 736,500 tonnes or 24.2% of the total; followed by Minas Gerais with 514,100 tonnes or 16.9%; and Goiás with 365,800 tonnes or 12.0%. The estimated production of the first bean crop was 976,200 tonnes, representing 32.1% of the national share among the three harvests, 0.9% below that of the third forecast. The second bean crop was estimated at 1.3 million tonnes, corresponding to 42.7% of the total harvest among the three crops. Compared to the third forecast, there was a 0.4% increase, reflecting a similar percentage increase in the area to be harvested. The South Region, which produces almost half of the beans in this harvest (47.8%), reduced its estimated production by 0.2%, with Paraná being the largest producer, with 552,100 tonnes or 42.5% of the total harvest. Regarding the third bean crop, the production estimate was 766,700 tonnes, a 0.3% increase compared to the third forecast. Goiás and Minas Gerais are the states that contribute most to this bean crop, corresponding to 33.7% (258,500 tonnes) and 23.1% (177,200 tonnes), respectively.

SESAME SEED – The Brazilian sesame production in 2026 is expected to reach 362,500 tonnes, a decrease of 4.1% from the previous month. The area to be harvested shows a decline of 2.1%, while the average yield, at 653 kg/ha, is expected to fall by 2.0%. The area to be planted in the current crop should reach 555,400 hectares, reflecting the growing importance of this crop in recent years for the country. Starting with the 2026 crop, the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) began monitoring the production of this species, as its importance has increased in the context of Brazilian agriculture. The main Brazilian producer is Mato Grosso, with 227,400 tonnes, expected to account for 62.7% of the national output. In January, the production estimate shows a decline of 6.3% against the previous month, with decreases of 3.2% in the area to be harvested and of 3.1% in the average yield.

CORN (grain) - The estimated production of corn was 133.8 million tonnes, representing a 0.4% increase from the 3rd forecast. Although the production area suffered a 0.1% loss, totaling 22.8 million hectares, the average yield, at 5,877 kg/ha, grew by 0.5%. Against the volume produced in the previous year, there was a reduction of 7.9 million tonnes (-5.6%), associated with a 7.7% decrease in average yield, since the area to be harvested is expected to grow by 2.2%.

The first corn crop had an estimated output of 28.6 million tonnes, an increase of 11.3% compared to 2025, reflecting the 9.3% growth in the area to be harvested and the 1.8% increase in the estimated average yield, which was 5,943 kg/ha. However, compared to the 3rd forecast, there was a 0.3% decline in average yield, affecting the production estimate, which was 0.1% lower. The state with the highest production of 1st crop corn is Rio Grande do Sul, with a national share of 22.2% and an estimated production of 6.3 million tonnes. 

However, compared to the 3rd forecast, there was a 0.3% decline in average yield, affecting the production estimate, which was 0.1% lower. The state with the biggest production of 1st-crop corn is Rio Grande do Sul, with a national share of 22.2% and an estimated production of 6.3 million tonnes.

The estimated production of 2nd corn crop was 105.2 million tonnes, with a 0.6% increase fromthe third forecast, due to a positive adjustment in average yield of 0.8%, reaching 5,859 kg/ha. Mato Grosso is the main producer of 2nd -crop corn, accounting for 47.5% of the national total and obtaining an estimated production of 50.0 million tonnes, 8.5% lower than in the previous year. The second main producer of 2nd-crop corn, Paraná, obtained an estimated production of 17.4 million tonnes, accounting for 16.5% of the national total and being 0.7% higher than the third forecast. Goiás, the third biggest national producer of 2nd-crop corn, with a 12.7% share, obtained an estimated production of 13.4 million tonnes, an increase of 1.2% from the third forecast.

The remainder is temporarily in Portuguese. 

SOJA (em grão) – A estimativa da produção nacional da oleaginosa alcançou novo recorde na série histórica em 2026, totalizando 172,5 milhões de toneladas, um aumento de 1,3% em relação ao 3º prognóstico e 3,9% maior em comparação à quantidade obtida no ano anterior. Estima-se que a produção brasileira tenha um incremento de 3,4% no rendimento médio anual, alcançando 3 598 kg/ha (60 sacas/ha), contribuindo para que o volume colhido da oleaginosa represente mais da metade do total de cereais, leguminosas e oleaginosas produzidos no país em 2025. Por sua vez, a área total cultivada deve alcançar 48,0 milhões de hectares, o que representa um aumento de 0,5% no ano (222,6 mil hectares), seguindo em ritmo de plena expansão, mesmo com os preços da commodity em patamares abaixo do desejado pelos produtores. As projeções indicam uma safra histórica, impulsionada por condições climáticas favoráveis na maior parte das regiões produtoras do país, e pela expansão da área plantada. O Mato Grosso, maior produtor nacional da oleaginosa, estimou uma produção de 48,5 milhões de toneladas, crescimento de 3,8% em relação ao 3º prognóstico, porém, declínio de 3,3% em relação ao volume colhido no ano anterior.

SORGO (em grão) – A estimativa da produção do sorgo alcançou 4,6 milhões de toneladas, declínios de 1,1% em relação ao 3º prognóstico e de 13,9% em relação ao volume colhido em 2025, quando o país produziu sua maior safra do cereal. Em relação ao ano anterior, a área a ser colhida apresentou um declínio de 2,9%, assim como o rendimento médio, que decaiu 11,4%, devendo alcançar 3 111 kg/ha. Os maiores produtores de sorgo são: Goiás, com 1,7 milhão de toneladas e participação de 35,7% no total nacional; Minas Gerais, com 1,2 milhão de toneladas e participação de 25,6%; e São Paulo, com 508,0 mil toneladas e participação de 10,9%. 

TOMATE - A produção brasileira deve alcançar 4,7 milhões de toneladas, incremento mensal de 1,7%, contudo declínio de 0,3% em relação ao volume colhido em 2025. A área plantada apresenta um declínio de 0,8%, enquanto o rendimento médio deve crescer 0,5%, alcançando 75 104 kg/ha. Os maiores produtores são Minas Gerais, com 563,7 mil toneladas e São Paulo, com 1,1 milhão de toneladas. A produção mineira deve decrescer 3,7% em relação a 2025, enquanto a de São Paulo deve se manter.