The Extended National Consumer Price Index (IPCA) for April was 0.43%, standing 0.13 percentage points (p.p.) below the rate of 0.56% recorded in March. It was the highest IPCA for April since 2023 (0.61%). The IPCA accumulated a rise of 2.48% in the year and, in the last 12 months, of 5.53%, above the rate of 5.48% registered in the 12 immediately previous months. The change had been of 0.38% in April 2024.

Except for Transportation (0.38%), the other groups of products and services surveyed registered a positive change between March and April. The highest change was recorded in the group of Health and personal care (1.18%), followed by Wearing apparel (1.02%) and Food and beverages (0.82%), responsible for the biggest impact (0.18 p.p.) on the month´s index. The other groups stood between 0.05% in Education and 0.69% in Communication.

In Health and personal care (1.18%), the result was influenced by items pharmaceuticals (2.32%), after the authorization of the adjustment up to 5.09% in the prices of medicines on March 31, and personal hygiene (1.09%).

In the group of Wearing apparel (1.02%), women’s wearing apparel (1.45%), men’s wearing apparel (1.21%) and footwear and accessories (0.60%) stood out.

The group of Food and beverages decelerated from 1.17% in March to 0.82% in April, with food at home recording 0.83%. The rise in potatoes (18.29%), tomatoes (14.32%), ground coffee (4.48%) contributed to that result. On the dropping side, carrots (10.40%), rice (4.19%) and fruits (0.59%) stood out.

Food away from home rose 0.80% in April over 0.77% in March. Sub-item snacks accelerated from 0.63% to 1.38% in April, and meals (0.48%), in turn, decelerated against March (0.86%).

In the group of Personal expenses (0.54%), the rise in cigarettes (2.71%) and banking services (0.87%) stood out.

The group of Housing decelerated from 0.24% in March to 0.14% in April. Water and sewage fees (0.25%) incorporated the adjustment of 4.17% in the fares in Goiânia (4.17%) on April 1st and of 9.98% in Recife (1.67%), in force since April 26. Residential electricity reported a drop of 0.08% in April, including the following adjustments:

• Aracaju (1.68%): adjustment of 6.99% in the fare on April 22.

• Campo Grande (0.62%): adjustment of 0.91% in the fare on April 8.

• Fortaleza (0.19%): reduction of 1.68% in the fare on April 22.

• Salvador (-0.07%): adjustment of 2.07% in the fare on April 22.

• Recife (-1.70%): adjustment of 3.33% in the fare on April 29.

In the group of Transportation (-0.38%), the result was influenced by the drop in airfare (14.15%) and in fuels (0.45%). Diesel fuel changed -1.27% against 0.33% in the previous month, vehicular gas, -0.91% against 0.23%, ethanol, -0.82% against 0.16% and gasoline, -0.35% against 0.51% in March.

Still in Transportation, the result of subway (1.01%) includes the adjustment of 5.33% in the fare in Rio de Janeiro (3.33%) on April 12, and the reduction of 3.36% in Brasília, due to the establishment of zero fare on Sundays and holidays on March 1st. Taxi (1.15%) also increased, due to the adjustment of 10.91% in Porto Alegre (10.56%), in force since March 31, and of 14.88% in Aracaju (4.95%) on March 11.

In urban bus (-0.09%), the change took into account the adjustment of 4.17% in the fare in Porto Alegre (3.95%) on March 31, and of 15.00% in Belém (-6.75%) on April 14, including the gratuity on Sundays and holidays, the same benefit granted in Brasília (-3.36%), besides the reduced fare on Sundays and holidays in Curitiba (-0.92%).

Concerning the regional indexes, the highest change (0.95%) occurred in Porto Alegre, due to the rise in residential electricity (3.37%) and tomatoes (45.96%). The lowest change occurred in Brasília (0.04%), due to the drop in airfare (-7.46%) and gasoline (-1.69%).

The IPCA has been calculated by the IBGE since 1980. It refers to households with monthly income of 1 to 40 minimum wages, whatever the source. It encompasses ten metropolitan areas in Brazil, besides the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande, Rio Branco, São Luís, Aracaju and Brasília.

In order to estimate the index of the month, the prices collected from April 1st to April 30, 2025 (reference) were compared with the prices in force from February 27 to March 31, 2025 (base).

INPC stays at 0.48% in April

The National Consumer Price Index (INPC) rose 0.48% in April. The cumulative index in the year stayed at 2.49% and, in the last 12 months, at 5.32%, above the rate of 5.20% registered in the 12 immediately previous months. In April 2024, the rate had been 0.37%.

Food products decelerated between March (1.08%) and April (0.76%). Non-food products changed from 0.32% in March to 0.39% in April.

Concerning the regional indexes, the highest change occurred in Porto Alegre (1.07%), influenced by the rise in residential electricity (3.34%) and tomatoes (45.96%). The lowest change occurred in Brasília (0.01%), due to the drop in gasoline.

The INPC has been calculated by the IBGE since 1979. It refers to households with monthly income of 1 to 5 minimum wages, with a salaried head of the household. It encompasses ten metropolitan areas in Brazil, besides the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande, Rio Branco, São Luís, Aracaju and Brasília.

In order to estimate the index of the month, the prices collected from April 1st to April 30, 2025 (reference) were compared with the prices in force from February 27 to March 31, 2025 (base).