IPCA-15
Inflation preview rises 0.34% in December; closes 2024 at 4.71%
December 27, 2024 09h00 AM | Last Updated: December 27, 2024 04h33 PM
The Extended National Consumer Price Index 15 (IPCA-15) rose 0.34% in December and closed 2024 with a cumulative change of 4.71%. In 2023, inflation preview had been 4.72%, being 0.40% in December. The IPCA-E, which is the cumulative IPCA-15 per quarter, stayed at 1.51% for the period from October to December this year. The data were released today (27) by the IBGE.
Among nine groups of products and services surveyed, five rose in December. Food and beverages accounted not only for the highest change (1.47%), but also for the steepest positive impact (0.32 p.p.). The highest cumulative change in the year (8.00%) and the biggest contribution (1.68 p.p.) cem from the same group.
It should also be mentioned the figures of Personal expenses (1.36% and 0.14 p.p.) and Transportation (0.46% and 0.09 p.p.) in December 2024. On the negative side, the most significant impact in December came from the group of Housing (-0.20 p.p. and -1.32%). The other groups stayed between the retreat of 0.52% of Household articles and the advance of 0.34% of Wearing apparel.
In the group of Food and beverages, food at home changed 1.56% in December. The increases in soybean oil (9.21%), rump steak (9.02%), sirloin steak (8.33%) and pork (8.14%) contributed to that result. On the other hand, potatoes (-9.85%), tomatoes (-6.71%) and long-life milk (-2.42%) stood out.
Food away from home, in turn, accelerated from 0.57% in November to 1.23% in December. Meals (1.34%) and snacks (1.26%) registered higher changes than in November (0.38% and 0.78%, respectively).
In Personal expenses, the rise in cigarettes (12.78%) was key to the performance of this segment. It was due to the increase in the rate of the Tax over Industrialized Products (IPI) over cigarettes on November 1st. Sub-items cinema, theater and concerts (2.58%) and hairdresser and barber (1.37%) rose as well.
In the group of Transportation, sub-item airfare rose 4.43% in December. In fuels (0.09%), ethanol (0.80%) and diesel fuel (0.41%) increased, whereas gasoline (-0.01%) and vehicular gas (-0.12%) recorded negative changes. In addition, sub-item urban bus rose 1.20% after gratuities granted to the fare in the second round of the municipal elections in several areas included in the survey in October.
On the dropping side, whose major highlight was the group of Housing, residential electricity retreated 5.72% in December, due to return of the green tariff flag on December 1st, which does not impose any extra charge on the fare. In November, the yellow tariff flag was in effect. The following Brazilian capitals adjusted their fares: Brasília, São Paulo, Porto Alegre and Goiânia.
Another highlight in Housing was the result of water and sewage fees (0.32%), after an adjustment of 9.83% in the fare in Rio de Janeiro (3.93%) on December 1st. In contrast, the retreat in piped gas (-0.10%) was due to the reduction of 0.51% in Rio de Janeiro (-0.32%) on November 1st.
In 2024, food mostly impacted the IPCA-15
The group of Food and beverages ranks on the top of the list of the biggest impacts in 2024. The highest cumulative change and the biggest contribution in the year came from that sector (8.00% and 1.68 p.p., respectively. The biggest contribution of this group came from sub-item meals (0.21 p.p.), which changed 5.72% in the year.
Having changed 6.03%, the second biggest impact this year came from the group of Health and personal care (0.80 p.p.). Housing (0.53 p.p.) ranked in the third position, with a cumulative change of 3.44%.
Salvador showed the highest price advance in December
Concerning the regional indexes, nine out of 11 areas surveyed rose in December. The highest change was reported in Salvador (0.66%), due to the rises in gasoline (4.54%) and airfare (15.35%). The lowest figure occurred in Brasília (-0.04%), which registered a drop in the prices of residential electricity (-7.66%) and gasoline (-3.03%).
In the year, the most intense changes were recorded in Belo Horizonte, which changed 6.20%; in Belém, whose change was 4.98%; and in Goiânia, with a change of 4.87%.
More about the survey
To calculate the IPCA-15, the methodology is the same as the one used for the IPCA; the difference lies in the period of price collection and in the geographic coverage. Prices were collected in the period from November 13 to December 12, 2014 (reference) and compared with those in effect from October 12 to November 12, 2024 (base).
The indicator refers to households with monthly income of 1 to 40 minimum wages and it encompasses the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte, Recife, São Paulo, Belém, Fortaleza, Salvador, Curitiba, besides Brasília and the municipality of Goiânia. Please take a look at the complete results on Sidra.
